Mmm, two of those (the second and fourth) are just gratutious, though. IMHO it's boring to be edgy just for the sake of shock value. You have to make it so the horrible thing grants you something one, interesting that two, couldn't be done without the horrible thing.
Also the third is IMHO more simply alien than horrifying. The first is pretty interesting, though. It's basically the difference between psychological horror versus schlock, and I like that Sentinels tends to rely more heavily on the former than the latter. A lot of what's scary in Sentinels is more surreal and unsettling than simply gross or shocking.
Even someone like Biomancer who is gross still relies more on being creepy for his actual scariness; it's not just that he can shape flesh, it's that he can do it to steal who and what you are. Stuff like the Realm of Discord or the Void is unsettling because it's unnatural and eldritch and can bend and twist your state of being. Poor Mr. Fixer's fate is freaky because it's sort of morbidly ironic and defies natural states of being. Etc.
There is particularly a theme of helplessness going on. Spite preys on loners who have nobody they can call for help. It's implied that blood magic users like Hermetic or the Crimson Conductor could simply drain the life force from people without them even knowing it was going to happen until it was too late. The Void can erode you just by getting into contact with you, or weird things can reach out and drag you into it. There's a number of beings like Gloomweaver or The Host that can feed off emotions. It's that removal of agency that makes it frightening, even if the resulting misery technically isn't gory.
(I do appreciate that of the samples provided you like the one I made the most.)